Through Magic Glasses

Partial eclipse of the moon Initial letter 1 A boy illustrating the phases of the moon 6 Course of the moon in the heavens 8 Chart of the moon 10 Face of the full moon 11 Tycho and his surroundings (from a photograph by De la Rue)13 Plan of the peak of Teneriffe 15 The crater Copernicus 17 The lunar Appennines (from a photograph by M.M. Henri)19 The crater Plato seen soon after sunrise 20 Diagram of total eclipse of the moon 23 Boy and microscope Initial letter27 Eye-ball seen from the front 30 Section of an eye looking at a pencil 31 Image of a candle-flame thrown on paper by a lens 33 Arrow magnified by a convex lens 35 [Pg xii] Student's microscope 36 Skeleton of a microscope 37 Fossil diatoms seen under the microscope 39 An astronomical telescope 41 Two skeletons of telescopes 44 The photographic camera 47 Kirchhoff's spectroscope 51 Passage of rays through the spectroscope 52 A group of fairy-ring mushrooms Initial letter55 Three forms of vegetable mould magnified 61 Mucor Mucedo greatly magnified 63 Yeast cells growing under the microscope 65 Early stages of the mushroom 67 Later stages of the mushroom 68 Microscopic structure of mushroom gills 69 A group of cup lichens Initial letter75 Examples of lichens from life 77 Singe-celled plants growing 78 Sections of lichens 81 Fructification of a lichen 83 A stem of feathery moss from life 85 Moss-leaf magnified 87 Polytrichum Commune, a large hair-moss 88 Fructification of a moss 89 Sphagnum moss from a Devonshire bog 93 Surface of a lava-flow Initial letter96 Vesuvius as seen in eruption 97 Top of Vesuvius in 1864 100 Diagrammatic section of an active volcano 105 Section of a lava-flow 108 Volcanic glass with crystallites and microliths 109 Volcanic glass with well-developed microliths 110 A piece of Dartmoor granite 112 Volcanic glass showing large included crystals 115 A total eclipse of the sun Initial letter117 Face of the sun projected on a piece of cardboard 120 [Pg xiii] Photograph of the sun's face, taken by Mr. Selwyn (Secchi, Le Soleil)122 Total eclipse of the sun, showing corona and prominences (Guillemin, Le Ciel)124 Kirchhoff's experiment on the dark sodium line 128 The spectroscope attached to the telescope for solar work 132 Sun-spectrum and prominence spectrum compared 134 Red prominences, as drawn by Mr. Lockyer 1869 136 A quiet sun-spot 140 A tumultuous sun-spot 141 A star-cluster Initial letter145 Some constellations seen on looking south in March from six to nine o'clock148 The chief stars of Orion, with Aldebaran 149 The trapezium θ Orionis 150 Spectrum of Orion's nebula and sun-spectrum compared 151 Some constellations seen on looking north in March from six to nine o'clock156 The Great Bear, showing position of the binary star 157 Drifting of the seven stars of Charles's Wain 159 Cassiopeia and the heavenly bodies near 162 ε Lyræ, a double-binary star 166 A seaside pool Initial letter172 A group of seaweeds (natural size) 175 ULVA LACTUCA, a piece greatly magnified 176 Seaweeds, magnified to show fruits 177 A Coralline and Sertularian compared 179 Sertularia Tenella hanging in water 180 Thuricolla Folliculata and Chilomonas Amygdalum182 A group of living diatoms 184 A diatom growing 185 Cydippe Pileus, animal and structure 187 The Sea-mat, Flustra Foliacea 191 Diagram of the Flustra animal 192 Dartmoor ponies Initial letter195 Equus Hemionus, the horse-ass of Tartary and Tibet201 Przevalsky's wild horse 202 skeleton of an animal of the horse-tribe 206 Palæolithic man chipping flint tools Initial letter209 Scene in Palæolithic times 212 Palæolithic relics—needle, tooth, implement 213 Mammoth engraved on ivory 216 Neolithic implements—hatchet, celt, spindle whorl 219 A burial in Neolithic times 221 British relics—coin, bronze celt, and bracelet 223 Britons taking refuge in the cave 224